Apparatus for a laser welding system

ABSTRACT

A laser welding system for welding a component and reducing defects in the weld by ensuring uniform, laminar gas flow over a process area of the system. The laser welding system comprises a laser for welding the component, a platform for supporting the component, an enclosure surrounding the platform, a first actuatable barrier, a second actuatable barrier, an actuator, and a controller. The enclosure includes a plurality of walls, one of the walls having an inlet and another wall having an outlet. The inlet and outlet each having an opening having a cross-sectional area for letting gas flow through. The first and second barriers are configured to modify the cross-sectional areas of the openings when actuated. The actuator is configured to actuate the barriers, and the controller is configured to direct the actuator to actuate the barriers so that the cross-sectional area of the first opening is larger than the cross-sectional area of the second opening so that a pressure at the inlet is greater than a pressure at the outlet.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation application and claimspriority of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/269,119,filed on Feb. 6, 2019, and entitled “APPARATUS FOR A LASER WELDINGSYSTEM”, which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by referenceherein.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY-SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

This invention was made with government support under Contract No.:DE-NA0000622 awarded by the Department of Energy. The government hascertain rights in the invention.

BACKGROUND

A laser welding system uses a high-energy laser to fuse componentstogether. The energy from the laser beam causes a melt pool to formwhere the light is focused. When metal material is used to weldcomponents, the melt pool emits metal vapor and solid particles whichcan cause defects in the components and/or the weld.

One way of reducing such defects is by removing the metal vapor andsolid particles during the welding process. This may be accomplished bycirculating gas over the melt pool during welding to blow the vapor andparticles away from the process area. However, too much circulationresults in turbulence, which may also cause defects in the weld.Further, since the welding process often occurs in a closed environment,the turbulence caused by the gas may pull metal vapor and solidparticles back into the melt pool. Simply reducing the circulation rateis ineffective because not enough vapor and particles are removed.

The background discussion is intended to provide information related tothe present invention which is not necessarily prior art.

SUMMARY

The present invention solves the above-described problems and otherproblems by providing an apparatus for ensuring uniform, laminar gasflow in the vicinity of a melt pool during a laser welding process sothat sufficient metal vapor and/or solid particles are removed whilealso not causing additional defects.

An apparatus constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention broadly comprises a platform, an enclosure surrounding theplatform, a first actuatable barrier, a second actuatable barrier, anactuator, and a controller. The platform is provided for supporting thepart to be processed. The enclosure surrounds the platform and includesan inlet and an outlet. The inlet receives gas flow from outside theenclosure and includes a first opening with a cross-sectional area. Theoutlet of the enclosure allows gas flow to exit the enclosure andincludes a second opening with a cross-sectional area. The firstactuatable barrier is configured to modify the cross-sectional area ofthe first opening when actuated. The second actuatable barrier isconfigured to modify the cross-sectional area of the second opening whenactuated. The actuator is configured to actuate the first actuatablebarrier and the second actuatable barrier.

The controller controls the movement of the actuatable barriers so thatthe cross-sectional area of the first opening is larger than thecross-sectional area of the second opening so that a pressure at theinlet is greater than a pressure at the outlet. By making thecross-sectional area of the first opening larger than thecross-sectional area of the second opening, the velocity of the gasexiting the enclosure at the outlet is higher than the velocity of thegas entering the enclosure at the inlet. This increases a staticpressure differential and makes the flow of the gas more uniform andlaminar.

The above-described apparatus may also comprise a plurality of sensorspositioned at the inlet and the outlet to detect a pressure at theinlet, a pressure at the outlet, a velocity of gas flow at the inlet,and/or a velocity of gas flow at the outlet. The controller receivessignals from the sensors representative of the pressure at the inlet,the pressure at the outlet, the velocity of gas flow at the inlet, andthe velocity of gas flow at the outlet; analyzes the static pressure atthe inlet, the static pressure at the outlet, the velocity of gas flowat the inlet, and the velocity of gas flow at the outlet to determinewhether there is laminar gas flow over the process area; and directs theactuator to actuate the first actuatable barrier and the secondactuatable barrier until the cross-sectional area of the first openingis larger than the cross-sectional area of the second opening, thepressure at the inlet is greater than the pressure at the outlet, andthe velocity of gas flow at the inlet is lower than the velocity of gasflow at the outlet.

Another embodiment of the invention is a method of ensuring uniform,laminar flow of gas over a process area of a laser welding system. Themethod broadly comprises blowing gas over a platform inside an enclosurehaving an inlet and an outlet; actuating a first actuatable barrier nearthe inlet to modify a cross-sectional area of an opening of the inlet;and actuating a second actuatable barrier near the outlet to modify across-sectional area of an opening of the outlet so that thecross-sectional area of the opening of the inlet is larger than thecross-sectional area of the opening of the outlet so that a pressure atthe inlet is greater than a pressure at the outlet.

This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in asimplified form that are further described below in the detaileddescription. This summary is not intended to identify key features oressential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended tobe used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter. Other aspectsand advantages of the present invention will be apparent from thefollowing detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanyingdrawing figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below withreference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:

FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an exemplary laser welding systemconstructed in accordance with embodiments of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the laser welding system of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a controller of the laser welding system ofFIG. 1 ;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating at least a portion of the steps forensuring uniform, laminar gas flow in a laser welding system.

The drawing figures do not limit the present invention to the specificembodiments disclosed and described herein. The drawings are notnecessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearlyillustrating the principles of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

The following detailed description of the invention references theaccompanying drawings that illustrate specific embodiments in which theinvention can be practiced. The embodiments are intended to describeaspects of the invention in sufficient detail to enable those skilled inthe art to practice the invention. Other embodiments can be utilized andchanges can be made without departing from the scope of the presentinvention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to betaken in a limiting sense. The scope of the present invention is definedonly by the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents towhich such claims are entitled.

In this description, references to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, or“embodiments” mean that the feature or features being referred to areincluded in at least one embodiment of the technology. Separatereferences to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, or “embodiments” inthis description do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment and arealso not mutually exclusive unless so stated and/or except as will bereadily apparent to those skilled in the art from the description. Forexample, a feature, structure, act, etc. described in one embodiment mayalso be included in other embodiments, but is not necessarily included.Thus, the present technology can include a variety of combinationsand/or integrations of the embodiments described herein.

Turning to FIG. 1 , a laser welding system 10 constructed in accordancewith an embodiment of the invention is illustrated. The laser weldingsystem 10 processes a component 12, such as welding the component 12 orfabricating the component 12 using techniques such as additivemanufacturing, rapid prototyping, three-dimensional printing, or thelike. The laser welding system 10 may be a once-through type system thatuses gas only once during the laser welding process or a closed systemusing recirculated gas. The gas may be inert gas, such as helium, argon,or a combination thereof. The laser welding system 10 may comprise alaser 14 and an apparatus 16 for supporting the component 12 duringprocessing.

The laser 14 generates high-intensity light for melting material usedfor processing the component 12. In some embodiments, the laser 14 mayinstead be another source for directing energy to melt material, such asan electron beam or plasma arc. The material to be melted may be metal,but in some embodiments, it may include any material used in additivemanufacturing, such as powder, polymers, carbon-infused material, etc.

The apparatus 16 controls emissions resulting from the processing of thecomponent 12 and includes a platform 18 for supporting the component 12,an enclosure 20 surrounding the platform 18, a first actuatable barrier22, a second actuatable barrier 24, an actuator 26, a sensor 28, and acontroller 30.

The platform 18 supports the component 12 while the component 12 isbeing processed. In some embodiments, the platform 18 may be moveable ina vertical direction and include an additive manufacturing powder bed.

The enclosure 20 surrounds the platform 18. An embodiment of theenclosure 20 includes four walls 32, 34, 36, 38, thereby defining theprocess area 40. Two of the walls 32, 36 are on opposite sides of theplatform 18 and face one another. One of the walls 32 includes an inlet42 configured to receive gas flow from outside the enclosure 20. Theopposing wall 36 includes an outlet 44 configured to allow gas flow toexit the enclosure 20. The inlet 42 includes a first opening 46 having across-sectional area, and the outlet 44 has a second opening 48 alsohaving a cross-sectional area. The cross-sectional areas are the areasof cross-sections of the openings 46, 48 through which gas may flow.While FIG. 1 depicts the platform 18 and enclosure 20 forming asubstantially rectangular shape, the platform 18 and enclosure 20 may beany number of shapes without departing from the scope of the presentinvention. Further, the walls 32, 36 having the inlet 42 and outlet 44may alternatively be substantially adjacent to one another. In someembodiments, the inlet 42 and outlet 44 may be on the same wall.Additionally, the enclosure 20 may include a plurality of inlets 42and/or a plurality of outlets 44. The inlet 42 is preferably positionedat a height that is higher than the outlet 44, as shown in FIG. 2 .However, the inlet 42 and outlet 44 may be positioned at any height onthe enclosure 20 without departing from the scope of the presentinvention.

The first actuatable barrier 22 and second actuatable barrier 24 areprovided for adjusting the cross-sectional area of the first opening 46of the inlet 42 and the cross-sectional area of the second opening 48 ofthe outlet 44, respectively. The actuatable barriers 22, 24 may be anydevice and have any configuration that enable the barriers 22, 24 toadjust the cross-sectional areas of the openings 46, 48, such as aplurality of valves, doors, windows, lids, flaps, blinds, shutters, orthe like. For example, as shown in FIG. 1 , the actuatable barriers 22,24 are positioned on tracks 50, 52 attached to the walls 32, 36 so thatthe barriers 22, 24 can slidably move along the tracks 50, 52. Thelowering of the barriers 22, 24 along the tracks 50, 52 cause barriers22, 24 to cover portions and/or all of the openings 46, 48, therebyreducing the cross-sectional areas of the openings 46, 48.

The actuator 26 actuates the actuatable barriers 22, 24. The actuator 26may include any device or system configured to cause the actuatablebarriers 22, 24 to modify the cross-sectional areas of the openings 46,48. For example, the actuator 26 may be a motor, a hydraulic system, amechanical system, an electrical system, or the like.

The sensor 28 senses various aspects of the gas flow about the enclosure20. The sensor 28 may be configured to detect a pressure at the inlet42, a pressure at the outlet 44, a velocity of gas flow at the inlet 42,and/or a velocity of gas flow at the outlet 44. The laser welding system10 may include a plurality of sensors 28 that measure different aspectsof the gas flow. The sensor 28 may be a pressure sensor, such as apiezoelectric pressure sensor, a wind sensor, such as an anemometer, orthe like.

The controller 30 is provided for directing the actuator 26 to adjustthe cross-sectional areas of the openings 46, 48 via the barriers 22, 24in order to ensure uniform, laminar gas flow through the process area40. The controller 30 may be in communication with the laser 14,actuator 26, and sensor 28 and include a processing element 54 and amemory element 56, as depicted in FIG. 3 .

The processing element 54 may run a computer program stored in or oncomputer-readable medium residing on the memory element 56 or otherwiseaccessible by the processing element 54. The computer program maypreferably comprise ordered listings of executable instructions forimplementing logical functions by the processing element 54. Thecomputer program may be embodied in any computer-readable medium for useby or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, ordevice, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, orother system that can fetch the instructions from the instructionexecution system, apparatus, or device, and execute the instructions. Inthe context of this document, a “computer-readable medium” can be anymeans that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transport theprogram for use by or in connection with the instruction executionsystem, apparatus, or device.

The computer-readable medium can be, for example, but is not limited to,an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, orsemi-conductor system, apparatus, device, or propagation medium. Morespecific, although not inclusive, examples of the computer-readablemedium would include the following: an electrical connection having oneor more wires, a portable computer diskette, a random-access memory(RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable, programmable, read-onlymemory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, and a portable compactdisk read-only memory (CDROM). The computer-readable medium may be oneor more components incorporated into the controller 30 and/or othercomputing devices.

The memory element 56 of the controller 30 may include, for example,removable and non-removable memory elements such as RAM, ROM, flash,magnetic, optical, USB memory devices, and/or other conventional memoryelements. The memory element 56 may store various data associated withthe controller 30, such as the computer program and code segmentsmentioned above, or other data related to the signal to perform thesteps described herein.

The processing element 54 directs the actuator 26 to actuate the firstactuatable barrier 22 and the second actuatable barrier 24 so that thecross-sectional area of the first opening 46 is larger than thecross-sectional area of the second opening 48. This makes it so that apressure at the inlet 42 is greater than a pressure at the outlet 44.The processing element 54 may also direct the actuator 26 to actuate thefirst actuatable barrier 22 and the second actuatable barrier 24 so thata velocity of gas flow at the inlet 42 is lower than a velocity of gasflow at the outlet 44. This may include directing the actuator 26 toactuate the first actuatable barrier 22 so that the cross-sectional areaof the first opening 46 is increased and/or directing the actuator 26 toactuate the second actuatable barrier 24 so that the cross-sectionalarea of the second opening 48 is decreased.

The increased cross-sectional area of the first opening 46 decreases thestatic pressure at the outlet 44. By decreasing the cross-sectional areaof the opening 48 of the outlet 44, the velocity of gas flow through theoutlet 44 would have to increase. This relationship between the staticpressure p₁ at the inlet 42, the velocity v₁ of gas flow at the inlet42, the static pressure p₂ at the outlet 44, and the velocity v₂ of gasflow at the outlet 44 may be defined by equation 1 below, wherein ρrepresents the density of gas, g represents the gravitational constant,z₁ represents a height of the inlet 42, z₂ represents a height of theoutlet 44, and h_(l) represents a head loss of the gas flow across theprocess area 40.

$\begin{matrix}{{\frac{p_{1}}{\rho g} + \frac{v_{1}^{2}}{2g} + z_{1}} = {\frac{p_{2}}{\rho g} + \frac{v_{2}^{2}}{2g} + z_{2} + h_{L}}} & (1)\end{matrix}$

In some embodiments, the processing element 54 may be further configuredto receive signals from the sensor 28 representative of the pressure atthe inlet 42, the pressure at the outlet 44, the velocity of gas flow atthe inlet 42, and/or the velocity of gas flow at the outlet 44. Theprocessing element 54 may be configured to analyze the static pressureat the inlet 42, the static pressure at the outlet 44, the velocity ofgas flow at the inlet 42, and/or the velocity of gas flow at the outlet44 to determine whether there is uniform, laminar gas flow over theprocess area 40. If the processing element 54 determines that the gasflow is not uniform and/or laminar, for example, based on too small of apressure differential between the inlet 42 and the outlet 44, then theprocessing element 54 may direct the actuator 26 to actuate the firstactuatable barrier 22 and/or the second actuatable barrier 24. Theprocessing element 54 may also be in communication with the laser 14 fordirecting its power output and/or other functions.

The apparatus 16 may further comprise one or more blowers 58, 60 foraffecting the velocity of gas flow and/or pressure at the inlet 42and/or outlet 44. The blowers 58, 60 may include fans, pumps, nozzles,vacuums, valves, a combination thereof, and/or any other device orsystem for introducing gas flow into the enclosure 20. One of theblowers 58 may be positioned at the inlet 42 and be configured to blowgas into the inlet 42. The other blower 60 may be positioned at theoutlet 44 and be configured to pull gas out of the enclosure 20 byreducing relative pressure at the outlet 42, similar to a vacuum. Thespeeds of the blowers 58, 60 may be controlled by the processing element54 of the controller 30. The processing element 54 may be configured toincrease and/or decrease the speeds of the blowers 58, 60 in order toaffect the velocity of gas flow and/or static pressure at the inlet 42and/or outlet 44. For example, the processing element 54 may beconfigured to increase the speed of the blower 60 at the outlet 44 inorder to decrease the pressure at the outlet 44. The processing element54 may be configured to adjust the speeds of the blowers 58, 60 inconjunction with directing the actuator 26 to actuate the barriers 22,24 in order to achieve an optimal uniform, laminar gas flow over theprocess area 40.

The apparatus 16 may also include a nozzle 62, a controllable valve 64,and a source 66 for introducing other gases and/or cooling agents intothe enclosure 20. The gases and/or cooling agents may be used to controlthe temperature of the component 12 and/or prevent fires during theprocessing of the component 12. The cooling agent may be a gas or liquidmeant for lowering the temperature of the component 12 or a component inthe processing area 40. The nozzle 62 may be positioned at the inlet 42for emitting the gas and/or cooling agent into the enclosure 20 throughthe first opening 46. The nozzle 62 may be in fluid communication withthe source 66, which stores and/or receives the gas and/or coolingagent. The valve 64 may be configured to close in order to prevent thegas and/or cooling agent from being emitted from the nozzle 62. Thevalve 64 may also be configured to open to allow the gas and/or coolingagent to be emitted from the nozzle 62. The valve 64 may also bepartially opened in order to control the stream of gas and/or coolingagent emitted from the nozzle 62. The processing element 54 of thecontroller 30 may be configured to direct the valve 64 to open, close,and/or modify the stream of gas and/or cooling agent.

In use, the laser welding system 10 is configured to weld a component 12using a laser 14. The component 12 may be placed on the platform 18 ofthe apparatus 16 and in the process area 40 surrounded by the enclosure20. The laser 14 emits its light on the component 12 to perform theprocessing thereof. The sensor 28 detects at least one of the pressureat the inlet 42, the pressure at the outlet 44, the velocity of gas flowat the inlet 42, and the velocity of gas flow at the outlet 44. Thecontroller 30 may receive and analyze at least one of the pressure atthe inlet 42, the pressure at the outlet 44, the velocity of gas flow atthe inlet 42, and the velocity of gas flow at the outlet 44 to determinewhether there is uniform, laminar gas flow over the process area 40. Ifthe processing element 54 of the controller 30 determines that there isnot uniform, laminar gas flow over the process area 40, the processingelement 54 may be configured to direct the actuator 26 to actuate thefirst actuatable barrier 22 and/or the second actuatable barrier 24 sothat the cross-sectional area of the first opening 46 is larger than thecross-sectional area of the second opening 48 so that a pressure at theinlet 42 is greater than a pressure at the outlet 44.

The processing element 54 may additionally or alternatively beconfigured to direct one or more of the blowers 58, 60 to turn on and/orincrease their speeds to affect the velocity and/or pressure at theinlet 42 and/or outlet 44. Additionally, the processing element 54 maybe configured to direct the valve 64 to introduce gas and/or a coolingagent into the enclosure 20.

The flow chart of FIG. 4 depicts the steps of an exemplary method 100 ofensuring uniform, laminar flow of gas over a process area 40 of a laserwelding system 10. In some alternative implementations, the functionsnoted in the various blocks may occur out of the order depicted in FIG.4 . For example, two blocks shown in succession in FIG. 4 may in fact beexecuted substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes beexecuted in the reverse order depending upon the functionality involved.In addition, some steps may be optional.

The method 100 is described below, for ease of reference, as beingexecuted by exemplary devices and components introduced with theembodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1-3 . For example, the steps of themethod 100 may be performed by the laser 14, apparatus 16, platform 18,enclosure 20, first actuatable barrier 22, second actuatable barrier 24,actuator 26, sensor 28, controller 30, blowers 58, 60, nozzle 62, valve62, and source 64 through the utilization of processors, transceivers,hardware, software, firmware, or combinations thereof. However, a personhaving ordinary skill will appreciate that responsibility for all orsome of such actions may be distributed differently among such devicesor other computing devices without departing from the spirit of thepresent invention. One or more computer-readable medium(s) may also beprovided. The computer-readable medium(s) may include one or moreexecutable programs stored thereon, wherein the program(s) instruct oneor more processing elements to perform all or certain of the stepsoutlined herein. The program(s) stored on the computer-readablemedium(s) may instruct the processing element(s) to perform additional,fewer, or alternative actions, including those discussed elsewhereherein.

Referring to step 101, blowing gas over the platform 18 in the processarea 40 during laser welding. The gas may be inert gas and may berecirculated gas or once-through gas. The gas may be pressurized orblown via the blowers 58, 60.

Referring to step 102, the first actuatable barrier 22 may be actuatedto modify the cross-sectional area of the opening 46 of the inlet 42.The first actuatable barrier 22 may be actuated by the actuator 26. Thefirst actuatable barrier 22 may be actuated so that it increases thecross-sectional area of the opening 46. Alternatively, the firstactuatable barrier 22 may be actuated so that it decreases thecross-sectional area of the opening 46.

Referring to step 103, the second actuatable barrier 24 may be actuatedto modify the cross-sectional area of the opening 48 of an outlet 44 sothat the cross-sectional area of the opening 46 of the inlet 42 islarger than the cross-sectional area of the opening 48 of the outlet 44.This makes it so that the pressure at the inlet 42 is greater than thepressure at the outlet 44. The second actuatable barrier 24 may beactuated by the actuator 26. The second actuatable barrier 24 may alsobe actuated so that it decreases the cross-sectional area of the opening48. Alternatively, the second actuatable barrier 24 may be actuated sothat it decreases the cross-sectional area of the opening 48.

Referring to step 104, the pressure at the inlet 42, the pressure at theoutlet 44, the velocity of gas flow at the inlet 42, and/or the velocityof gas flow at the outlet 44 may be sensed. One or more sensor 28 may beused to sense the pressure at the inlet 42, the pressure at the outlet44, the velocity of gas flow at the inlet 42, and/or the velocity of gasflow at the outlet 44. These measurements may be used by the processingelement 54 to determine whether the first and/or second actuatablebarriers 22, 24 should be actuated.

The method 100 may include additional, less, or alternate steps and/ordevice(s), including those discussed elsewhere herein. For example, thesteps 102, 103 of actuating actuatable barriers 22, 24 may includedetermining whether there is laminar gas flow over the processing area40 using the sensors 28 and processing element 54. The steps 102, 103 ofactuating actuatable barriers 22, 24 may also include actuating theactuatable barriers 22, 24 until a velocity of gas flow at the inlet 42is lower than a velocity of gas flow at the outlet 44. This may beaccomplished by actuating the first actuatable barrier 22 so that thecross-sectional area of the first opening 46 is increased and/oractuating the second actuatable barrier 24 so that the second opening 48is decreased.

The method 100 may include a step of blowing gas into the process area40 via one or more blowers 58, 60. The speed of the blowers 58, 60 maybe adjusted so that the velocity of the gas flow at the inlet 42 islower than the velocity of the gas flow at the outlet 44. The method 100may also include a step of introducing inert gas and/or cooling sprayinto the process area 40 via the nozzle 62.

Although the invention has been described with reference to theembodiments illustrated in the attached drawing figures, it is notedthat equivalents may be employed and substitutions made herein withoutdeparting from the scope of the invention as recited in the claims.

Having thus described various embodiments of the invention, what isclaimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters Patent includesthe following:
 1. An apparatus for ensuring uniform laminar airflow inthe vicinity of a part being processed by a laser welding system, theapparatus comprising: a platform for supporting the part beingprocessed; and an enclosure surrounding the platform, the enclosureincluding: an inlet operable to receive the airflow from outside theenclosure as the part is being processed and at least partially definingan inlet cross-sectional area, and an outlet operable to allow theairflow to exit the enclosure as the part is being processed and atleast partially defining an outlet cross-sectional area that is smallerthan the inlet cross-sectional area.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1,further comprising a blower configured to direct the airflow into theenclosure.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the blower is positionedproximate to the inlet and configured to direct the airflow into theinlet.
 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the blower is positionedproximate to the outlet and configured to pull the airflow out of theenclosure.
 5. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising: a sensorconfigured to measure a metric comprising at least one of a pressure atthe inlet, a pressure at the outlet, a velocity of airflow at the inlet,or a velocity of airflow at the outlet; and a controller configured toreceive a signal representative of the metric from the sensor andgenerate a control signal to the blower based at least in part on themetric.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a firstactuatable barrier positioned at the inlet and configured to modify theinlet cross-sectional area when actuated; and a second actuatablebarrier positioned at the outlet and configured to modify the outletcross-sectional area when actuated.
 7. A system for laser welding apart, the system comprising: a platform for supporting the part; a laserconfigured to weld the part; and an enclosure surrounding the platform,the enclosure including: an inlet operable to receive airflow fromoutside the enclosure as the laser welds the part and at least partiallydefining an inlet cross-sectional area through which the airflowtravels, and an outlet located on an opposite side of the platformrelative to the inlet, the outlet being operable to allow the airflow toexit the enclosure as the laser welds the part and at least partiallydefining an outlet cross-sectional area through which the airflowtravels, the outlet cross-sectional area being smaller than the inletcross-sectional area.
 8. The system of claim 7, further comprising ablower configured to direct the airflow into the enclosure.
 9. Thesystem of claim 8, wherein the blower is positioned proximate to theinlet and configured to direct the airflow into the inlet.
 10. Thesystem of claim 8, wherein the blower is positioned proximate to theoutlet and configured to pull the airflow out of the enclosure.
 11. Thesystem of claim 8, further comprising: a sensor configured to measure ametric comprising at least one of a pressure at the inlet, a pressure atthe outlet, a velocity of airflow at the inlet, or a velocity of airflowat the outlet; and a controller configured to receive a signalrepresentative of the metric from the sensor and generate a controlsignal to the blower based at least in part on the metric.
 12. Thesystem of claim 7, further comprising: a first actuatable barrierpositioned at the inlet and configured to modify the inletcross-sectional area when actuated; and a second actuatable barrierpositioned at the outlet and configured to modify the outletcross-sectional area when actuated.
 13. The system of claim 7, wherein abottom edge of the inlet is higher than a bottom edge of the outlet. 14.The system of claim 7, further comprising a cooling agent source influid communication with the inlet.
 15. The system of claim 7, whereinthe enclosure comprises a plurality of walls surrounding the platform,the inlet is formed in a first wall of the plurality of walls, and theoutlet is formed in a second wall opposing the first wall across theplatform.
 16. The system of claim 15, wherein inner surfaces of thefirst wall and the second wall are orthogonal relative to a top surfaceof the platform.
 17. The system of claim 7, wherein the platformincludes a powder bed.
 18. A system for laser welding a part, the systemcomprising: a platform for supporting the part and having a top surfaceat a first height; a laser configured to weld the part on the topsurface of the platform; and an enclosure surrounding the platform, theenclosure including: an inlet operable to receive airflow from outsidethe enclosure as the laser welds the part and at least partiallydefining an inlet cross-sectional area through which the airflowtravels, the inlet having a topmost point above the first height, and anoutlet operable to allow the airflow to exit the enclosure as the laserwelds the part and at least partially defining an outlet cross-sectionalarea through which the airflow travels, the outlet cross-sectional areabeing smaller than the inlet cross-sectional area, the outlet having atopmost point above the first height.
 19. The system of claim 18,further comprising a blower configured to direct the airflow into theenclosure.
 20. The system of claim 18, further comprising: a firstactuatable barrier positioned at the inlet and configured to modify theinlet cross-sectional area when actuated; and a second actuatablebarrier positioned at the outlet and configured to modify the outletcross-sectional area when actuated.